Thursday, January 15, 2015

Sanskrit ( संस्कृत ) Words ........................................................ in Indonesian Language (Bahasa Indonesia) Part - 2

Here is the Part - II of my earlier Post   " Sanskrit (संस्कृत) Words in Indonesian Language (Bahasa Indonesia) - Part - 1"

Below TABLE contains -

Column One - Sanskrit Words in Bahasa Indonesia written in Roman Script

Column Two - Sanskrit Words written in Roman Script

Column Three - Sanskrit Words written in Devnagri Script

Column Two - Meaning of these words in English

 Indonesian 
Sanskrit
 Devnagri  
Meaning
Istri
Istri
स्त्री
Wife
Suami
Swaami
स्वामी
Husband
Bumi
Bhumi
भूमि
Land
Wanita
Wanitaa
वनिता
Lady
Aksara
Akshar
अक्षर
Word
Asa
Aasha
आशा
Hope
Baca
Vaach
वाच
Speak , Read
Bahasa
Bhaashaa
भाषा
Language
Biji
Beej
बीज़
Seed
Dana
Daan
दान
Donation
Dewa
Dev
देव
God
Dewi
Devi
देवी
Goddess
Desa
Desh
देश
Country
Duka
Dukh
दुख
Sorrows / Sadness
Durgana
Durjan
दुर्जन
Wicked People
Guru
Guru
गुरु
Teacher
Genta
Ghantaa
घंटा
Bell / Hour
Siga
Singh
सिंह
Lion
Gaja
Gaj
गज
Elephant
kaca
Kaanch
काँच
Glass
Kapas
Kapas
कपास
Cotton
Karena
Kaaran
कारण
Reason
Karma
Karm
कर्म
Deeds
Karunia
Karuna
करुणा
Compassion
Kerja
Kaarya
कार्य
Work
Kepala
Kapaal
कपाल
Head
Kosa
Kosh

कोष
Treasury or a place where important collections are kept
Kunci
Kunchi
कुंची
Keys
Sakti
Shakti
शक्ति
Power
Dirghayu
Deergh (long) aayu (Age)
दीर्घ आयु
Long live or Long life
Putri
Putri
पुत्री
Daughter
Mentri
Mantri
मंत्री
Minister
Raja
Raajaa
राजा
King
Manusia
Manushya
मनुष्य
Human being
Jaya
Jai
जय
Victory/Victorious
Pura
Pur
पुर
City/Temple/Place
Raksasa
Raakshas
राक्षस
Giant/Monster
Dharma
Dharm
धर्म
Rule / Regulations
Mantra
Mantra
मंत्र
Words/ Spiritual Prayers
Satria
Shatriya
शत्रिय
Warrior/Brave/Soldier
Wijaya
Vijay
विजय
Greatly victorious / Great victory
Rasa
Ras
रस
Taste
Nama
Naam
नाम
Name
Neraka
Narka
नर्क
Hell
Negeri
Nagri
नगरी
City
Puasa
Upvaas
उपवास
Fast
Rahasia
Rahaisya
रहस्य
Secret
Samudra
Samundra
समुंद्र
Ocean
Yudha
Yudh
युद्ध
War / Battle
Senopati
Senapaati
सेनापति
General, Military Leader
Angka
Ank
अंक
Numerical Figure
Surya
Surya
सूर्य
Sun
Suka
Sukh
सुख
Like , Comforts
Wahana
Vaahan
वाहन
Vehicle
bahu
Baahu
बाहु
Arm
Bicara
Vichara
विचार
Speak , Discussion
Citra
Chitra
चित्र
Image , Picture
Denda
Dand
दंड
Punishment, Fine
Tiga
Teen
तीन
Three
Sastra
Shastra
शास्त्र
Literature
Dua
Do
दो
Two
Bakti
Bhakti
भक्ति
Devotion
Aneka
Anek
अनेक
Multifold
Takhta
Takht
तख्त
Throne
Kitab
Keetab
किताब
Book
Kursi
Kursee
कुर्सी
Chair
Sabar
Sabra
सब्र
Patience
Utara
Uttar
उत्तर
North
Waktu
Waqt
वक़्त
Time
Anggur
Angoor
अंगूर
Grapes
Maaf
Maaf / Maafee
माफ़
Apology , sorry
Hewan
Haivan
हैवान
Like Animal
Bayu
Vaayu
वायु
Wind
Pahlawan
Pahalvaan
पहलवान
Hero / Strong person
Madu
Madhu
मधु
Honey
Loka
Lok
लोक
World , Place , Abode
Muka
Mukkh
मुख
Face
Naga
Naag
नाग
Dragon, Serpent Deities
Sempurna
Sampoorn
सम्पूर्ण
Perfect, Complete
Seteru
Shatru
शत्रु
Enemy
Suara
Svar
स्वर
Sound
Warna
Varn
वर्ण
Colour
Surga
Swarg
स्वर्ग
Heaven
Unta
Ushtra
उष्ट्र
Camel
Serba
Sarv
सर्व
All , Everything , Complete
Wana
Van
वन
Forest
Putera, Putra
Putra
पुत्र
Son
Jala
Jaal
जाल
Net , Casting Net
Kali
Kala
कला , काल
Time

Sunday, December 7, 2014

Sanskrit ( संस्कृत ) Words ............................................... in Indonesian Language (Bahasa Indonesia) Part - I


Apart from fascinating Culture , the another most striking factor of Indonesia is it's Language (Bahasa Indonesia). I was really amazed to hear similar words from my maid when first time came to Indonesia. Words from Sanskrit Language , the root language of Official Indian language Hindi , are mix with Bahasa Indonesia (भाषा इंडोनेशिया). Some Sanskrit / Hindi words which are still being used in Bahasa Indonesia , are obsolete from spoken Hindi in India .. like for " Wife - Istri स्त्री and Husband - Suami स्वामी ". Lol ..... I too had a hard time to call my Husband Suami (स्वामी ) and my self Wife Istri (स्त्री) where ever ... when ever an introduction of both of us is required as Husband and Wife.

Sanskrit words and sentences are also used in Names, Titles, and Mottoes of the "Indonesian National Police" and "Indonesian Armed Forces" which add a Powerful Meaning to its Titles and Mottoes. Sanskrit words also contribute more subtle meaning to Official and Formal Languages of Indonesia .

I would love to quote Part of a Research Paper "The Competition of Religious Terms in Sanskrit and Arabic" submitted by Nazar Gendut in reference to Sanskrit / Hindi words which are still being used in Indonesian Language despite of its Islamic Majority.


QUOTE

" ..... However, we still can feel the Effects of Sanskrit Language from some of the recipient language, which used to be borrowing from Sanskrit. Indonesian language is one of the evidence that showed the effects of Sanskrit. I can say that Sanskrit had introduced Indonesian people with Religious Concepts. On the transitional period Islam had already came to Indonesia and started spreading through Indonesian Culture, which already was strongly influenced by Hindu Culture.

From the "Hikayat Si Miskin Manuscript", it can be concluded that Islam influences in Indonesia could not totally effect Indonesian language, especially the Religious Concepts of Indonesian people. We can see from the evidence that some Sanskrit words in Religious Terminology still having HIGH durability in Indonesian Language vocabulary.

The interesting point on the data in Islam seems that it could not replace some meaning element, which already had strong roots with Sanskrit. For example, the Sanskrit word Surga (स्वर्ग) ‘Heaven’ and Neraka (नर्क) ‘Hell’, which both derived from Sanskrit are still being widely used by Indonesian speaker until present times. Some of Indonesian people names are mentioning the Hindu’s God names such as Indera इंद्र, Brahma ब्रह्मा, Wisnu विष्णु, Dewa देव, Siva शिव etc.

On the Mythological Category, Indonesian Language had borrowed Bidadari (विद्या धरी) "Angel , a messenger from a deity" and Raksasa (राक्षस) from Sanskrit and Jin from Arabic. Besides that, Indonesian language also borrowed the word Malaikat and Nabi from Arabic. The example of the term for death and life hereafter category is the use of word Surga (स्वर्ग) and Neraka (नर्क) from Sanskrit and Kiamat from Arabic.

In the field of Religious activity, Indonesian language has two different words for ‘pray’, which are Sholat from Arabic and Sembahyang from Javanese and Sanskrit blending. One of the interesting case in Indonesia is Indonesian language had chosen to use Puasa ‘ fast ’ from Sanskrit Upvaas (उपवास) than using Shaum from Arabic. The examples for the last category are the words Moksa (मोक्ष) from Sanskrit and Ikhlas from Arabic. Other words which are derived from Sanskrit is Dosa (दोष) ‘Sin’ and Kurnia (करुणा) ‘Bless’. Moslem in Indonesia are mixed with Hindu Culture. For example, in some area in Java, the people sometimes still pray to the Goddess of the "Sea" and ask for favour to that Goddess instead of Allah.

As I said before some Arabic words may be succeeded in replacing Sanskrit words, such as Sholat and Sujud nevertheless, that did not truly replacing the whole content of the word. The effect of some Arabic words exclusively became PART to Islam Terminology only in Indonesia , not Religious Terminology in General Contexts."

UNQUOTE

Being mixture of Sanskrit / Hindi / Urdu and Arabic words , which are commonly spoken in Modern Hindi day to day life in India , Indonesian Language is quite easy to adapt.

As the Script of Bahasa Indonesia is Roman , letters are written and spoken in a different way unlike Sanskrit which is written in Devnagari देवनागरी Script. Below is an Indonesian Alphabet Table for better understanding.

 Alphabet 
Pronunciation   in 

English
 Close Pronunciation in Hindi हिन्दी
 A
AA
 B
Bay
बे
 C
Chey
चे
 D
Dey
डे
 E
Eay
 F
EF
एफ
 G
Gey
गे
HHaहा
I EE
J
Jey जे
K Ka का
L
El एल
M
Em एम
N
En एन
O
O
P
Pey पे
Q
Ki , KEE की
R
Er अर्
S Es
T
Tay ते, त
U
OO
V
Fe , FAY फे , फ
W
We , Wey वे
X
EKS एक्स
Y
Ye , YAY
ये
Z
Zet जेत


Continued Part - II --- List of some Sanskrit / Hindi Words in Indonesian Language.

http://indonesiaasisee.blogspot.com/2015/01/sanskrit-words-in-indonesian-language.html